When the Sun doesn't Shine and the Wind doesn't Blow
Least we overlook the obvious, the sun doesn't always shine and the wind doesn't always blow; but the demand for electrical power remains. As we rush headlong into the quest for renewable, non-polluting energy it is, perhaps, prudent to review the place of such alternative energy sources as wind and solar in the total energy system.
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Too Valuable to Burn
In the typical American house the roofs over our heads, the flakeboard sheathing, the structural beams, the floor underlayment, the carpeting and vinyl flooring, the cupboards, the paints, the pipes that supply our water and carry away our wastes; and even the insulation on our wires are all made from products derived from oil. The fertilizers that we apply to our lawns and to our agricultural fields are derived from petroleum and natural gas, as are virtually all of the medicines and other pharmaceutical products that we take to preserve our health. Detergents, the base of all of our cosmetics, and even "baby oil" and mineral oil are all petroleum products. Our "wash and wear" clothes depend upon polyester fiber made from petroleum, as are many other synthetic fibers used in clothing, an other fabric products. The tires on our cars and bicycles depend upon petroleum as does the asphalt surfaces that they travel on.
Automobiles III - A Solution or a Disaster?
Introduced in January 2008, by the mammoth Indian conglomerate Tata, the "Nano" will be the worlds cheapest car and among the smallest when it goes on sale this fall. Meeting the design target of a "1 lakh (100,000 rupees) Peoples Car" the Nano will cost the equivalent of $2,400 USD or 1,554 euros at today's exchange rates. While a small car, the 4-door Nano is not merely an enlarged motor scooter but rather the result of some outstanding cost-reduction engineering.
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Automobiles II - Future?
On September 29th, 1993, U.S. President Clinton, Vice-President Gore and automotive industry leaders announced a new federal/industry partnership to produce an safe, affordable, recyclable automobile with a mileage goal of 80 miles/gallon. The federal government would contribute funding and military technology, while industry would design and build the vehicles. Each of the "Big Three" partners showed hybrid diesel-electric "concept cars" in 2000, and was prepared to deliver working prototypes in 2002. However in January of 2002, after a federal investment of more that a billion dollars, Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham announced that the Bush administration was canceling the project and initiating a new program "FreedomCAR" to promote pure hydrogen-powered vehicles.
Automobiles I - Past
Introduced in 1908, the Model T Fords were produced until 1927. The Model T's were powered by a small (about 20 hp) engine that burned either gasoline or ethanol. Depending upon fuel, driving conditions, and body style (at least 9 body styles, ranging from small roadsters to one-ton trucks were produced) mileage varied from about 13 to 21 mpg. More than 15 million Model T's were produced before production was stopped in 1927. At that time, 9 out of 10 automobiles world-wide, was a Model T.
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